Can Personality Explain the Educational Gradient in Divorce? Evidence From a Nationally Representative Panel Survey

The social demographic literature on divorce suggests that the lower educated are more likely to have personality traits that reduce relationship stability. However, few empirical verifications of this proposition exist. To fill this void, we look at the distribution of personality traits across educational groups of married individuals in Britain. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey (N = 2,665), we first estimated the effects of the Big Five personality traits agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness to experience on divorce and subsequently examine their distribution across educational groups. We find that in particular women's personality traits differ by education. We also observe that personality traits affecting divorce risk are distributed unevenly over educational groups, but they do not favor the higher educated in general. In sum, the data do not support the hypothesis that the lower educated in Britain have personality traits that reduce relationship stability

From Concept to Impact: Beginning with the End in Mind Highlights of the 2015 Cornell Hospitality Entrepreneurship Roundtable

Among the many topics that directly affect entrepreneurs’ success are these five: franchising, funding, technology, opportunity recognition, and legal arrangements. The inaugural roundtable convened by The Leland C. and Mary M. Pillsbury Institute for Hospitality Entrepreneurship at the School of Hotel Administration at Cornell University addressed these five topics, with a goal of supporting hospitality entrepreneurs from concept to impact. The institute provides a springboard for hospitality entrepreneurs, particularly students at the School of Hotel Administration

Complementarity As Generative Principle: A Thought Pattern for Aesthetic Appreciations and Cognitive Appraisals in General

In experimental aesthetics the relationship between the arts and cognitive neuroscience has gained particular interest in recent years. But has cognitive neuroscience indeed something to offer when studying the arts? Here we present a theoretical frame within which the concept of complementarity as a generative or creative principle is proposed;neurocognitive processes are characterized by the duality of complementary activities like bottom-up and top-down control, or logistical functions like temporal control and content functions like perceptions in the neural machinery. On that basis a thought pattern is suggested for aesthetic appreciations and cognitive appraisals in general. This thought pattern is deeply rooted in the history of philosophy and art theory since antiquity;and complementarity also characterizes neural operations as basis for cognitive processes. We then discuss some challenges one is confronted with in experimental aesthetics;in our opinion, one serious problem is the lack of a taxonomy of functions in psychology and neuroscience which is generally accepted. This deficit makes it next to impossible to develop acceptable models which are similar to what has to be modeled. Another problem is the severe language bias in this field of research as knowledge gained in many languages over the ages remains inaccessible to most scientists. Thus, an inspection of research results or theoretical concepts is necessarily too narrow. In spite of these limitations we provide a selective summary of some results and viewpoints with a focus on visual art and its appreciation. It is described how questions of art and aesthetic appreciations using behavioral methods and in particular brain-imaging techniques are analyzed and evaluated focusing on such issues like the representation of artwork or affective experiences. Finally, we emphasize complementarity as a generative principle on a practical level when artists and scientists work directly together which can lead to new insights and broader perspectives on both sides

Airway dimension change after open bite treatment – 3D CBCT study

● Studies have shown that airway dimension can be correlated to skeletal/dental malocclusion, including anterior open bites.1 ● Counter-clockwise rotation of mandible or extrusion of incisors can be used to correct anterior open bites; however, their subsequent effect on airway dimension has not been well studied. ● Studies have shown that both the inferior oropharyngeal airway volume and cross-sectional area increased as the mandibular position is advanced forward (decreased mandibular plane angle).2 ● Previous 3D MRI studies have shown that total airway volume, retropalatal and retroglossal airway volume increased following open bite closure.

Complementarity As Generative Principle: A Thought Pattern for Aesthetic Appreciations and Cognitive Appraisals in General

In experimental aesthetics the relationship between the arts and cognitive neuroscience has gained particular interest in recent years. But has cognitive neuroscience indeed something to offer when studying the arts? Here we present a theoretical frame within which the concept of complementarity as a generative or creative principle is proposed; neurocognitive processes are characterized by the duality of complementary activities like bottom-up and top-down control, or logistical functions like temporal control and content functions like perceptions in the neural machinery. On that basis a thought pattern is suggested for aesthetic appreciations and cognitive appraisals in general. This thought pattern is deeply rooted in the history of philosophy and art theory since antiquity; and complementarity also characterizes neural operations as basis for cognitive processes. We then discuss some challenges one is confronted with in experimental aesthetics; in our opinion, one serious problem is the lack of a taxonomy of functions in psychology and neuroscience which is generally accepted. This deficit makes it next to impossible to develop acceptable models which are similar to what has to be modeled. Another problem is the severe language bias in this field of research as knowledge gained in many languages over the ages remains inaccessible to most scientists. Thus, an inspection of research results or theoretical concepts is necessarily too narrow. In spite of these limitations we provide a selective summary of some results and viewpoints with a focus on visual art and its appreciation. It is described how questions of art and aesthetic appreciations using behavioral methods and in particular brain-imaging techniques are analyzed and evaluated focusing on such issues like the representation of artwork or affective experiences. Finally, we emphasize complementarity as a generative principle on a practical level when artists and scientists work directly together which can lead to new insights and broader perspectives on both sides

Single-Band Model for Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors: Dynamical and Transport Properties and Relevance of Clustered States

Dynamical and transport properties of a simple single-band spin-fermion lattice model for (III,Mn)V diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) is here discussed using Monte Carlo simulations. This effort is a continuation of previous work (G. Alvarez, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 277202 (2002)) where the static properties of the model were studied. The present results support the view that the relevant regime of J/t (standard notation) is that of intermediate coupling, where carriers are only partially trapped near Mn spins, and locally ordered regions (clusters) are present above the Curie temperature T_C. This conclusion is based on the calculation of the resistivity vs. temperature, that shows a soft metal to insulator transition near T_C, as well on the analysis of the density-of-states and optical conductivity. In addition, in the clustered regime a large magnetoresistance is observed in simulations. Formal analogies between DMS and manganites are also discussed.Comment: Revtex4, 20 figures. References updated, minor changes to figures and tex

Do people favour policies that protect future generations? Evidence from a British survey of adults

Long-range temporal choices are built into contemporary policy-making, with policy decisions having consequences that play out across generations. Decisions are made on behalf of the public who are assumed to give much greater weight to their welfare than to the welfare of future generations. The paper investigates this assumption. It briefly discusses evidence from sociological and economic studies before reporting the findings of a British survey of people's intergenerational time preferences based on a representative sample of nearly 10,000 respondents. Questions focused on two sets of policies: (i) health policies to save lives and (ii) environmental policies to protect against floods that would severely damage homes, businesses and other infrastructure. For both sets of policies, participants were offered a choice of three policy options, each bringing greater or lesser benefits to their, their children's and their grandchildren's generations. For both saving lives and protecting against floods, only a minority selected the policy that most benefited their generation; the majority selected policies bringing equal or greater benefits to future generations. Our study raises questions about a core assumption of standard economic evaluation, pointing instead to concern for future generations as a value that many people hold in common

A review on lithium recovery using electrochemical capturing systems

Resource recovery from natural reserves is appealing and Li extraction from different brines is in the forefront. Li extraction by membranes is reviewed in the literature much more than electrochemical processes. However, a very recent review thoroughly discussed Li recovery by electrochemically switchable ion exchange (ESIX). This paper reviews Li recovery by both charge transfer processes, namely electrodialysis (ED), and electro-sorption processes, namely capacitive deionization (CDI). It also reviews ESIX with a focus on performance matrices and includes comments on the technology readiness of each separation technique. These processes exhibit promising perspectives on the separation and recovery of Li both selectively and non-selectively from simulated brine solutions and Li salt solutions. Readers are provided with guidelines to choose between the processes, depending on the applied voltage, current density, specific energy consumption and purity of recovered Li. Most electrochemical lithium capturing systems (ELiCSs) have been tested at the lab scale. Therefore, future research should be directed toward pilot-scale development and parameter optimization. Furthermore, we urge the ELiCSs research community to report information in a standard form that allows meaningful comparisons and insights into the systems.This publication was made possible by NPRP grant # [NPRP12S-0227-190166] from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The findings achieved are solely the responsibility of the authors. Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library